(ii) State, with a reason, whether or not the two ring forms of glucose are enantiomers. It gives emphasis to both basic as well as applied aspects of biochemistry. Biochemistry can teach us to see the human body as a standing wave in a creek.The standing wave occurs when irregularities in the creek bed (a rock, for instance) cause the water to form a wave. (a) State the name of a disease which results from the deficiency of each of the following vitamins. vitamin A (c) State one major function of polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen. Medical biochemistry is an essential component of curriculum for all categories of health professionals. [1] The sequence is given from the free amine end (N-terminal) to the free acid end (C-terminal). 05MS3 C1. For unsaturated fatty acids like hexadecadienoic acid C15H27COOH the iodine number is calculated as follows: (a) Explain why the melting point of linoleic acid is considerably lower than the melting point of stearic acid.
collagen, keratin) Saturated fatty acids have no C=C double bonds. (b) (i) State one structural similarity between fats and oils. State the name of each one and deduce whether each is water-soluble or fat-soluble, explaining your choices by reference to their structures. You need to know these formulae of glucose. (i) Determine the number of carbon to carbon double bonds in linoleic acid. Protein can be used as a source of energy but is generally only used if fat and carbohydrate is not available. Book Detail: Biochemistry and Human Nutrition. [4] Every C=C will react with one iodine, so: [3] In unsaturated fatty acids the double bonds reduce the flexibility of the molecules, and this prevents the molecules aligning so efficiently. [1] 05NS3 C1. (ii) State the name given to this type of reaction and identify the other product of the reaction. 03NS3 The energy released is used to heat a sample of water. Biochemistry makes possible the rational design of new drugs, including specific inhibitors of enzymes required for the replication of viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C15H31COOH) the iodine number is zero.
The molecular formula of linoleic acid is C18H32O2. Course Outline: Biochemistry and Human Nutrition. Having four chiral centres, glucose has seven isomers which differ in the orientation at one or two of the chiral centres. (ii) 100 g of linoleic acid: [2] (i) State the condition required for this reaction. The structures of vitamins A and C are shown in Table 22 of the Data Booklet. [2] A chain of -glucose molecules linked carbon 1 to carbon 4 is called amylose. The amino acids of a protein can be identified if the protein is hydrolysed. There are 3 different kinds of lipids in the human body: [1] Tertiary structure is the folding of the protein into its final shape. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more C=C double bonds. one mole of C15H27COOH will react with two moles of I2 Moreover, it helps the students to know the importance of biochemistry and the significance of applications of biochemistry in the field of medicine. (c) (i) Draw the simplified structural formula of a fat containing one stearic acid and two linoleic acid residues. Three long-chained acids form ester bonds to a single molecule of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol).
Hydrolysis usually involves refluxing the protein with acid or alkali to give the separate amino acids. T is the change in water temperature (oC or K) Module 1: Bio-Molecules Lesson 1. H = m cp T [1] (b) List two benefits and two concerns of using genetically modified crops. 06MS3 C3. -2 fatty acid chains (342 g x 16.4 kJ g-1 or 8.98 kJ ÷ 1.60 x 10-3 mol.) (a) The general formula for saturated fatty acids is CnH2nO2. These are energy sources, insulation and cell membranes.
[1] The –NH2 group of one amino acid can join to the –COOH group of another. It is amphipathic meaning the head, glycerol is polar but the chains are not. The number of double bonds is calculated by comparing the fatty acid to the appropriate saturated fatty acid. Using R to represent CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH3)7, show the structure of the triglyceride formed from this acid. [3] Carbohydrates are used in other roles but are usually modified beforehand e.g. Monosaccharides in solution form a ring structure involving the C=O group: (b) The structure of α-glucose is shown below. 04MS3 C1. Note that glucose and galactose are identical except that one chiral centre is different: 06MS3 C2. Pages: 163. (a) The formula of oleic acid is CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH3)7COOH. [1] [4]
(a) (i) Deduce the structure of one of the dipeptides that can be formed when the two aminoacids below react together. For example, at pH 5.4: Example: Using paper as the solid phase and a 8:1:1 mix of ethanol:water:ammonia as the solvent, the Rf values of Aspartic acid, lysine and leucine were found to be 0.13, 0.35 and 0.84 respectively.
Outline the structural difference between α-glucose and β-glucose. Contemporary Biochemistry plays a crucial role in the Medical field, be it metabolic pathways, storage diseases, mechanism action of varied biomolecules or inter and intra cellular communications. 252 g of C15H27COOH will react with 508 g of I2 The assembly of two or more chains to form one protein is called quaternary structure. C=O is on carbon number 1).